World 1 · Vectors in space · 8 minA right angle without a protractor
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The dot product is a·b = aₓbₓ+aᵧbᵧ+a_zb_z = |a||b|cos θ. Two nonzero vectors are perpendicular when their dot product is zero. A zero vector has no direction, so it cannot define an angle.
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For nonzero perpendicular vectors, a·b is…
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