Loud, soft & review

Dynamics describe volume: piano (p) soft, forte (f) loud, with mezzo (m) meaning "medium". Unlike pitch, dynamics are amplitude — the size of the vibration, not its speed. A note can be high and soft, or low and loud; the two are independent.

You now hold the foundations: pitch is frequency, the octave doubles it, twelve half steps fill it, the staff writes it, and rhythm places it in time. Next world, we start selecting from the twelve to build scales — the DNA of melody.